tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-55320292359528292012023-11-15T06:50:39.397-08:00Teaching how to write an essayNatalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.comBlogger156125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-79467777357633872582020-08-24T06:05:00.001-07:002020-08-24T06:05:05.038-07:00Issue 18&19 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsIssue 18 - Coursework Example Memphis University researchers propose that abroad redistributing have more focal points to an association. For example, it empowers the firm to seek after the most work cost. Work cost shifts altogether starting with one nation then onto the next. In this manner, redistributing will permit the organization to pick the nation that it feels that its work isn't expensive (Axelrod, 2004). In addition, embracing lower work cost will empower the association to deliver its administrations at a lower cost and also offer types of assistance at increasingly marked down costs. At last, diminished Labor permits the association improves their business benefits. In view of deferent observation to re-appropriating, it can make a stage for legislative issues. For example, many contend that redistributing causes the occupations that should be possible by local people to move abroad. Then again, redistributing will likewise assist the specific nation with boosting its local economy. Despite what might be expected, professionals contend that offshoring can have the nearby alternatives (MuìËller and MuìËller, 2000). Firms try to seaward work so as to keep work cost at any rate level as could reasonably be expected, so as their administrations and items can arrive at their potential clients at a lesser expense. From a worldwide perspective, nations redistribute proficient occupations to nations that have the most cost effective work. The most well known redistributing nations are China and India. Representatives in these nations have sufficient instructive foundations to empower them to do effectively the assignments in front of them. Be that as it may, re-appropriating has its benefits and faults that organizations and nations need to place into thought before beginning the activity. Re-appropriating permits the organization to work in an undeniably serious commercial center over the world. Also, redistributing empowers the firm offers support and items in 24 hours day by day, more so to the clients who need nonstop Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-1568414763193906842020-08-22T00:41:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:41:32.157-07:00Perseverance Essays - Heavy Backpack, Cloudy Sky, Dark SkyPersistance. This is the means by which I depict steadiness. Constancy empowers a person to try regardless of misfortune. It keeps an individual from giving up while endeavoring to accomplish certain objectives. Everybody has an alternate breaking point to which they can be pushed however endeavoring to conquer the difficulties and impediments they fave is a piece of persisting. In the wake of review this photo I feel the craftsman shows the impact or significance of steadiness in light of the fact that the individual in the picture is attempting to ski in incredibly cole climate. from the overwhelming rucksack this individual is conveying I expect this individual is scanning for a spot to remain. From the thick layer of snow on the ground and the dull, shady sky it is clear the individual in the image is battling. Issues will consistently emerge however it is confronting the difficulties with an inspirational demeanor that permits one to keep arriving at their wants. Everything is reachable. Despite the fact that it is freezing cold and about dull, this individual keeps on searching for a spot to remain. He has not surrendered. At the point when I take a gander at the ground I see there are no noticeable tracks in the day off. Everything is separated. The odds of someone stopping by to help are far-fetched yet his individual continues with the excursion investing a much exertion as he can while enduring the chilly climate and the dull sky. Devotion and assurance is the thing that permits one to keep endeavoring to accomplish their objectives. For this situation, the individual proceeds with his quest for cover. Similarly as he has not surrendered, you ought to likewise not surrender. Never surrender and consistently apply exertion. Overlook the issues which emerge and continue battling. Everything is conceivable. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-87910613877858902602020-07-18T01:08:00.001-07:002020-07-18T01:08:02.772-07:004 of the Best Free Holiday Short Stories Online About Seasons Drama4 of the Best Free Holiday Short Stories Online About Seasons Drama How did we ever function without the ubiquitous iPhone (or Android)? For bibliophiles everywhere, one of the the primary satisfactions with these devices is the ability to click on short stories. I most often do this new fiction search on my app for The New Yorker while waiting for the bus. While waiting for a very late bus to arrive last week, I received an early holiday gift when I discovered a few online short stories that spoke directly to me: these December days are potentially deadly. These four stories about the holiday experience do not drip of massive manufactured sentimentality that defines this time of year. Rather, these stories introduce us to characters who, despite their best efforts to prevent a holiday upset, the upset comes anyway. North Of by Marie-Helene Bertino Letâs start with Thanksgiving. The Marie Bertino short story published in 2012 on the literary website Electric Literature. North Of is written for anyone who has ever wondered why they bother to make the trip home for Thanksgiving. North Of encapsulates every emotional disconnect possible associated with the November maelstrom known as Thanksgiving. There is the mother, who is flustered and tries and tries to have just one happy meal together, just one happy Thanksgiving for her two children is all that she wants. But her two adult children never go along with her plan. They have their own sibling rivalry issues that they have agreed will never be resolvedâ"especially this year when the sister arrives with her special Thanksgiving visitor. The daughter returns home with Bob Dylan (yes, that Bob Dylan) who is self-absorbed and uninterested. The daughter thought her Thanksgiving visitor would impress her estranged brother, who really isnt impressed. He revels in his unsuccessful lifeâ"no job, no girlfriend, no prospectsâ"yet still remains the extraordinary and gifted son whom everyone needs to navigate around lest he become explosive. The daughterâ"also the narratorâ"experiences being the family member who has left home and who became successful in the entertainment business, yet each time she returns home, her success is never recognized. It happens again this time, even with Bob Dylan as her Thanksgiving visitor. There is a quiet humor in North Of and any reader who leaves the house before Thanksgiving dinner has concluded will recognize themselves. I have been vaulted from the Thanksgiving table. Whats more American than that? How many people have left their steam filled homes to drive around and think about old things? I pass car after car. There is subtle humor amidst the chaosâ"especially when Bob Dylan gets mistaken for Vincent Price at the local grocery storeâ"but the reader is left with the certainty that next years Thanksgiving for this family will not be much better. Un Poquito De Tu Amor by Sandra Cisneros How do we approach the holidays after the death of a loved one? Sandra Cisneros wrote about the passing of her father in a 1998 essay, Un Poquito De Tu Amor. Cisneross beautiful essay is lyrical: The descriptions of the foods that dominated the Cisneros family Christmas feast, taken from the Polish, Spanish, Jamaican and Latinx cultures of Chicago has the reader begging to be invited to her next Christmas party. History is present at our table. The doomed Emperor Maximilanos French bread as well as the Aztec corn tamales of the Americas, our Andalusian recipe for codfish, our moves in and out of neighborhoods where we were the brown corridor between Chicago communities at war with one another. Cisneross essay is a powerful questioning of the American affluent classes; usually the response is to turn our heads not to disrupt our easy feelings. Cisneros repeatedly asks herself the same question: how do we enjoy ourselves amid such tremendous want and suffering every minute of every day of our lives. I thought of my father especially this holiday season. The day before Christmas, 1997, forty-five unarmed Mayas were slain while they prayed in a chapel in Acteal, Chiapasâ"twenty-one of them women, fourteen childrenâ¦I know the deaths in Chiapas are linked to me here in the United States. I know the massacre is connected to removing native people from their land, because although the people are poor the land is very rich and the government knows this. Cisneros did provide one clue on how to best to answer these questions of political oppression: she told a story. One of the best stories that conveys the enormity of goodwill and the elusive Christmas spirit. Yearâs End by Jhumpa Lahiri I suppose there never is a good time to introduce ones new wife to their adult son. Christmas is probably the worst time; for Kaushik, a senior at Swarthmore College whose recently deceased mother is never far from his mind, the reality of his fathers much younger wife and her two young daughters leaves him increasingly cold. His fathers remarriage leaves Kaushik even further isolated from his father than before. Kaushik is not angry at his father, just slightly surprised at his fathers move towards willingness to move on with life as Kaushik still grieves the loss of his mother. In the house where Kaushik and his father and mother shared many Christmases, Kaushik remains isolatedâ"frozen and cold as the Massachusetts weather at Christmas. He realized when he first entered his home that every photo, everything that spoke of his mothers presence in the house was removed. It was an affront to his mothers memory, his mothers intelligence and taste and her beingâ"and it was orchestrated by his father for his new wife. Jhumpa Lahiri writes of this nearly impossible situationâ"fraught with tension and bound to explode with some family upsetâ"with an understated power and beauty. When the explosion does come, Kaushik realizes whatever trust he earned during his short visit with his new stepsisters is gone. Two small children will forever view this Christmas with Kaushik as one of their very worst. Seasonal Work by Laura Lippman Laura Lippman, author of 20 detective novels, wrote a holiday short story for the literary online journal The Rumpus that left me stunned. Seasonal Work is narrated by a wiser-than-her-years teenager. Somehow, she is still not sure how or why, she finds herself at the mercy of her grifter stepfather. Her had married and then gave birth to three young children, her step-siblings, before she died. The grifter stepfather takes charge after the mother dies with an elaborate con job that happens every Christmas. The makeshift family moves to a new nondescript Texas town, the grifter stashes the children and their teenage half sister into a nondescript motel, then puts the plan into action. The grifters plan usually involves a con job regarding stolen Christmas toys. The grifter/father will appear on local TV, crying in misery that his motherless children will not have toys for Christmas. The public response, guided by the goodness of the Christmas spirit, always provides as they are gifted with toys and cash. One year a social worker gets involved and thats when the grifter/father becomes slightly unglued. I highly recommend these holiday short stories. The good news: there are many, many unconventional holiday stories to enlighten and entertain. And the other good news: the holidays come just once a year. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-84182021799186284802020-05-21T17:52:00.001-07:002020-05-21T17:52:02.782-07:00Dimensional Fund Advisors Case Analysis Essay - 1337 Words 1) DFAââ¬â¢s investment strategy is based on their belief in the principle that stock market is efficient. They attempt to match a broad-based, value-weighted small-stock index and position themselves in the market as a passive fund manager that still claimed to add value by capturing specific dimensions of risks identified by financial science. DFAââ¬â¢s investment strategy incorporates elements of both passive and active management. It is passive in the sense that like many other index managers, it focuses on the importance of diversification, lower turnover and lower fees than actively managed portfolios. It is active in the sense that it develops its small-value stock focus based on academic research and uses certain techniques (such asâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦DFAââ¬â¢s trading strategy such as avoiding stocks if news announcements are coming in the near future or if stock has recently reported sales by insiders reflect a belief that stock prices can potentiall y not reflect all private information. DFA also does not accept the weak-form efficient because if stock prices only reflect all information in past prices, they would see the value of performance fundamental analysis of the firm they are looking at (but the case indicates that DFA does not performance fundamental analysis). 4) Fama and Frenchââ¬â¢s three factor model attempts to explain the variation of stock prices through a multifactor model that includes a size factor and BE/ME factor in addition to the beta risk factor. Fama-French model essentially extended the CAPM (which breaks up cause of variation of stock price into systematic risk which is non-diversifiable and idiosyncratic risk which is diversifiable) by introducing these two additional factors. Fama and French find that stocks with high beta didnââ¬â¢t have consistently higher returns than stocks with low beta and this indicates that beta was not a useful measure under their model. Their model is based on research findings that sensitivity of movements of the size and BE/ME factor constituted risk, andShow MoreRelatedDfa Case Study7650 Words à |à 31 Pages9-203-026 REV: JANUARY 28, 2003 RANDOLPH B. COHEN Dimensional Fund Advisors, 2002 In June of 2002, David Booth faced a dilemma. His firm, Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA), had in recent times shown stellar performance after going through some relatively rough patches in the late 1990s. Growth was steady and profits strong. Yet, Pensions and Investments ranked DFA a mere th 96 in size among investment companies (see Exhibit 1). While DFA had never viewed maximizing assets under management asRead MoreDimensional Fund Advisors, 2002 Essay1836 Words à |à 8 PagesDimensional Fund Advisors, 2002 1. What is DFAââ¬â¢s business strategy? What do you think of the firm? Are the DFA people really believe in efficient markets? Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA) primarily focuses on the investment of small stock funds. DFAââ¬â¢s business strategies are as following: * DFA was dedicated to the principle that the stock market was efficient. * DFA believes the value of sound academic research. * DFA believes the ability of skilled traders to contribute to a fundââ¬â¢sRead MoreInvestment and Burgundy Asset Management916 Words à |à 4 PagesFIN 6310 Case Studies Purchase Case Studies (4) â⬠¢ Ivey Case Studies (2) o You will need to create an account at http://cases.ivey.uwo.ca o Then search for and put the following two cases in your cart. Download the spreadsheets. o Burgundy Asset Management: The Wescast Investment Decision o Burgundy Asset Management: â⬠¦. Spreadsheet o Valuing Wal-mart 2010 o Valuing Wal-mart 2010 ââ¬â Spreadsheet for students o CheckoutRead MoreDimensional Fund Advisors, 20021729 Words à |à 7 PagesInvestments Analysis and Management Group 5: Dimensional Fund Advisors, 2002 DFA Overview Dimensional Fund Advisorsà (DFA) is an investment firm founded in 1981 byà David G. Booth andà Rex Sinquefield, both graduates of theà University of Chicago Graduate School of Business. The firm has three Nobel Laureates sitting on its board: namely Myron Scholes, Robert C. Merton, and the lateà Merton Miller. Other directors include leading economists such asà Eugene Fama and Kenneth French; they jointlyRead MoreDimensional Fund Advisors, 20022339 Words à |à 10 PagesDimensional Fund Advisors, 2002 1. What is DFAââ¬â¢s business strategy? What do you think of the firm? Are the DFA people really believe in efficient markets? Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA) is an investment firm based in Santa Monica, California, whose primary businesses are small stock funds. DFAââ¬â¢s core beliefs are efficient markets and two other principles: the value of sound academic research, and the ability of skilled traders to contribute to a fundââ¬â¢s profits even when the investment wasRead MoreDfa Case Study1213 Words à |à 5 PagesINVESTMENTS - DFA Case study Introduction Dimensional Fund Advisors, further referred to as DFA, is an investment company that bases its strategy mainly on academic research and related theories. They work together with proponents of the efficient market hypothesis, indicating a relatively strong belief in this theory and thus in efficient markets. However DFA also feels that skilled traders have the ability to contribute to a fundââ¬â¢s profits even when the investment is inherently passive andRead MoreEssay Dimensional Fund Advisors Case2374 Words à |à 10 PagesDimensional Fund Advisors Case 1. Describe the investment strategy employed by DFA. Does DFA consider itself an active or passive manager? What aspects of its strategy are active? What aspects are passive? DFAââ¬â¢s investment strategy was centered on academic research, specifically on the findings of Banzââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"size effectâ⬠and Fama and Frenchââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"book-to-market effect.â⬠In Banzââ¬â¢ research, he found that small stocks consistently outperformed large stocks over the entire history of the stock market fromRead MoreFinancial Bubble Essay1927 Words à |à 8 PagesFall 2010 Case Discussion Questions Instructor: Professor Edward H. Chow å⠨è ¡Å'ä ¸â¬ Case study: financial bubble Case: Trouble with a bubble (9-808-067) 1. Why did Irving Fisher believe that stock prices had reached a permanently high plateau? 2. Why did the stock market crash in 1929? 3. Why did influential individuals like Fisher, Keynes and Rockefeller believe that the downturn would only be temporary? Case study: investment banking business and global financial crisis Case: InvestmentRead MoreReward The Best By Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company1565 Words à |à 7 Pagesopportunities; facilitates retention of High Performers and complements the rewards system. It also facilitates designing of Personal Development Plan (PDP) and Personal Improvement Plans (PIP) for employees and hence provides the basis for Training Needs Analysis (TNA).The Excellence Awards endow a national platform on which Excellence in each field of our operations is recognized. It is instituted to value the efforts and contributions made by the employees and to appreciate Excellence in all their endeavorsRead MoreDfa Case Study2947 Words à |à 12 PagesINVESTMENTS - DFA Case study Introduction Dimensional Fund Advisors, further referred to as DFA, is an investment company that bases its strategy mainly on academic research and related theories. They work together with proponents of the efficient market hypothesis, indicating a relatively strong belief in this theory and thus in efficient markets. However DFA also feels that skilled traders have the ability to contribute to a fundââ¬â¢s profits even when the investment is inherently passive and Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-31443473802011634292020-05-06T23:37:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:37:07.441-07:00Using Microsoft Excel 2010 On The Heart Disease Mortality... 3.0 Statistics Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to create a scatter plot of the heart disease mortality data rates versus the total hardness of WTPs listed in Table 2.3.1. A linear regression using Microsoft Excel Data Analysis Package, 2010 was used to find the correlation along with the R2 value and adjusted R2 value. The R2 values represent the percent of the variance of the data explained by the fitted line. In this case, the R2 values represent the variance in heart disease rates that can be explained by the change in drinking water hardness. The adjusted R2 value is dependent on the number of points within the data. The significance of the R2 value was determined by the resulting p-values. The test was considered significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. WTPs were further divided by levels of hardness into moderately hard, hard, and very hard classifications to check for correlations within classifications. Linear regressions were then run on each classification. The entire statistical analysis is shown in the Appendix. 4.0 Results The range of water hardness of the 31 WTPs varied from 93 mg/l to 448 mg/l of total hardness with an average value of 180 mg/l. Of the 31 plants 17 had a total hardness between 120mg/l and 160mg/l, accounting for 58% of the study area. The total population heart disease mortality rate versus water hardness was first analyzed and a positive correlation of 0.427 was obtained. The R2 value was found to be 0.183 indicating that 18.3% ofShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words à |à 1422 Pages Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia â⬠¢ Brazil â⬠¢ Canada â⬠¢ Mexico â⬠¢ Singapore â⬠¢ Spain â⬠¢ United Kingdom â⬠¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-56781093773780200782020-05-06T08:18:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:18:05.509-07:00In Cold Blood Book Review Free Essays If one is interested in reading a disturbingly detailed and factually based novel that chronicles the course and motives of complex crime, read Truman Capoteââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences. â⬠If one scares easily, is squeamish or wants to avoid imagining a remorseless, brutal killer around every corner, do not. In his 1965 nonfiction novel, Capote paints a disturbingly vivid picture of the quadruple murder of the Clutters, a highly regarded and semi-wealthy farming family from Holcomb, Kansas. We will write a custom essay sample on In Cold Blood Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Cold Blood examines the incentives and methods used by the killers, as well as the effect these murders had on the small Kansas town. ââ¬Å"In Cold Blood,â⬠what many consider Capoteââ¬â¢s masterpiece, was one of the first novels of its kind: nonfiction. This genre requires an author to possess the ââ¬Å"just the factsâ⬠attitude of a journalist, while still maintaining the ability to tell a detailed and aesthetically pleasing story. To write ââ¬Å"In Cold Blood,â⬠as a journalist would, Capote traveled to Holcomb. He planned to interview residents about their methods of coping with the tragedy. While in Holcomb, the Cluttersââ¬â¢ murderers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock, were caught. After that, Capoteââ¬â¢s novel evolved into something more complex. He spent the next six years following the trial and interviewing the murderers and Holcomb residents. ââ¬Å"In Cold Bloodâ⬠showcases Capoteââ¬â¢s true talent for both journalistic and prose writing. If one considers all the sources used in the novel, it is clear that an abundant amount of research and effort went into this work. In the acknowledgements preceding the novel, Capote wrote, ââ¬Å"All the material in this book not derived from my own observation is either taken from official records or is the result of interviews with persons directly concerned, more often than not numerous interviews conducted over a considerable period of time. â⬠Not only did he spend the better part of a decade conducting interviews and reviewing documents, but Capote also did his best to re-create the thoughts and feelings of those vital characters with whom he could not speak, the Clutter family. He did so through interviews with others and his own inferences. Additionally, he did the same to fill in any other character gaps. Because ââ¬Å"In Cold Bloodâ⬠is composed mostly of interviews, a large part of the novel is dialog. The dialog not only keeps readers interested, but also offers an insight directly into the mind of the killers and the townspeople. Words straight from the mouth of Perry Smith or Susan Kidwell resonate much better with readers than a simple paraphrase from Capote ever could. Readers cannot help but cringe and reach for their jugular as they read Smithââ¬â¢s graphic descriptions. I didnââ¬â¢t realize what Iââ¬â¢d done till I heard the sound. Like somebody drowning. Screaming under water,â⬠said Smith. Similarly, Kidwellââ¬â¢s account of the event adds an even deeper emotional aspect to the story. Her words are haunting. Of finding her friend that day, Kidwell said, ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t remember screaming. Nancy Ewalt says I did â⠬â screamed and screamed. I only remember Nancyââ¬â¢s Teddy bear staring at me. And Nancy. â⬠Throughout ââ¬Å"In Cold Blood,â⬠Capote illustrates several journalistic characteristics, one of which being oddity. The murder of a nice family from a small town is certainly unusual, especially when no motives or suspects fit the case. Additionally, when the killers were caught, their indifference towards the crime varied drastically from what one would expect. Dick even said, ââ¬Å"I know it is wrong. But at the time I never give any thought to whether it is right or wrong. The same with stealing. It seems to be an impulse. â⬠ââ¬Å"In Cold Bloodâ⬠also demonstrates proximity and human interest. Holcomb, Kansas is comparable to Any-town, USA. Because this crime and location seemed to be, at first, so randomly chosen, they peak human interest. Capote did a great job emphasizing the consequential insecurity felt by the Holcomb residents. He instilled that fear into readers, and they are sure to assume that each bump in the night is Perry Smith sneaking lightly to their bedrooms. While Capote did quite well making ââ¬Å"In Cold Bloodâ⬠newsworthy, he failed to practice one important principal of journalism. Capote did not maintain an independence from those whom he covered, so his writing showed bias. In a novel that required so much research and so many interviews, it is understandable that Capote would become friendly and sympathetic of the Holcomb citizens. However, Capote became sympathetic of the killers, especially Smith. While Perry murdered the Clutter family, Capote so obviously favored him over Dick. Throughout the novel, Smith is described as a gentle man with a conscience, and it is indicated that he may have mental problems. Capoteââ¬â¢s characterization of Smith was designed to make readers pity him. Dick, on the other hand, is almost always portrayed as a heartless and brutal man who is fully responsible for his actions. In the end of the novel, Capote even alludes to the radical idea that Perry should not receive the death penalty. All in all, ââ¬Å"In Cold Bloodâ⬠is a well-written and interesting novel not designed for the weak of heart. Capoteââ¬â¢s masterpiece is sure send a shiver up readersââ¬â¢ spines and leave paranoia in their minds. Capote does show some bias in his writing, but given the situations, it is understandable. How to cite In Cold Blood Book Review, Essay examples Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-54537882629407448002020-04-25T18:41:00.001-07:002020-04-25T18:41:03.292-07:00Pharohs Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Amarna Period Pharohs Three important pharaohs are Thutmose III, Nefertiti and Senusret III. Thutmose III lived from 3429 to 3375, died when he was 54 years old. Thutmose was probably the most interesting one of all them being that he never lost a battle. He was a great Egyptian ruler. Along with being a great ruler he was also a great horseman, archer and a good athlete. He built the temple of Amun at Karnak. Thutmoses mother, Hatshesut took the throne from him. Although after his mother died Thutmose went around taking everything that his mothers name was on off and replacing hers with his. Thutmose was faced with two people they were called Princes of Kadesh and Megiddo. The both of them put together had a very large and strong army. Thutmose immediatley set out with his army. Thutmose and his army crossed the Sinai dessert. They then marched into the city of Gaza. Thutmose's private secretary, Tjaneni kept records of everything that happened which was later copied and engraved on the walls of the temple of Karnak. Many people claimed that Thutmose was a smart person of his time. Many people even called him a genius. He understood alot of things that many others didn't. He understood the logistics and lines of supply. Another thing he knew that others didn't, he was probably the first person to realize and actually use the sea-power with his army men. Thutmose conducted sixteen army men in Syria, Nubia and in Palestine. Thutmose was a national hero who was remembered way after his death. Thutmose has had some of the most powerful nations. Another important pharaoh was Nefertiti. Little is know about Nefertiti. What we do know is that she was the wife to Akhenaten which was during the eighteenth dynasty. Some debate still remains on whether Nefertiti was the actual mother of Akhenaten and also his wife at the same time. The time when Akhenaten ruled, the religion changed alot. With the religion changing the people left behind the old gods. They then believed in heresy. It was wondered if it was Nefertitis descision or if it was Akhenatens to have a religion reform. Akhenaten was appointed on her outside of the family. As a result after appointment to position of queen of Mamphis, Nefertit disappeared. It was assumed by many people that Nefertit was either banished or was dead. Although little evidence actually shows she died. Nefertiti was probably one of the best known queens of Egypt. Nefertiti was in many paintings and art work on monuments.Many people claim that she was a very beautiful person. There is no written record of her birth or death. Another important pharaoh is Senusret III. Senusret III was also known as Sesostris III and Senwosret III. Senusret was the 5th king of the 12th Dynasty. he ruled for 37 years following his fathers death. It was believed that Senusret was 6'6' feet tall. Senusret was a great builder and a skilled military trooper One of his many building projects was a temple that was built in the honor of the war god Montu. Senusret built the largest pyramid of the 12th Dynasty at Dahshur. The bad thing is that there isn't much left to see of it because it is falling apart. Senusret led many army's to Nubia and to Syria. The one to Syria was believed to only be to look over the land. Senusret was later in his life worshipped as a god in Nubia. No one knows exactly why people worshipped him. There is no written record of when he died or even how he died Bibliography internet Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-29011853980409339932020-03-18T10:32:00.001-07:002020-03-18T10:32:02.665-07:00New Plays essaysNew Plays essays FIACH MAC CONGHAIL PRESENTS ARIEL AT THE ABBEY THEATRE, DUBLIN THEATRE FESTIVAL, 05TH OCT 2002. Marina Carrs ARIEL was perhaps the most disturbing piece of theatre that I have ever been to see. This does not mean that I was disappointed with the performance of the actors, the way the set was designed or the tragedy based writing. The combination of all three elements resulted in an overall depressing yet sometimes-comical theatrical show. The set by Frank Conway was starkly designed; a simple wooden floor graduated towards the back with two entrances on opposite sides of the stage. These entrances looked almost like emergency exits positioned half way up brick walls with metallic effect steps. Centre stage was composed of a dining room table set up for a birthday party (cake etc) with a chandelier hanging directly above. Throughout the play the set altered little but the atmosphere changed often which gave the impression of different locations. The played is named Ariel yet the character herself is not seen very often throughout the show. The daughter of Fermoy Fitzgerald a rich ambitious business- man who plans to become a politician, Ariel has just celebrated her sixteenth birthday and mysteriously goes missing. Fermoy has made his money from the cement business but has ambitions to become the next Taoiseach. His ambition we see (as the play skips on ten years) is about to be realised but not without an underlying uneasy feeling surrounding the disappearance of his daughter. Marina Carrs play is loosely based around Euripides IPHIGENIA. As with all Greek Tragedies blood is shed and it makes no difference how closely related to the person you are, if you find a problem with them then its time for them to go. The killings were quite believable at first but by the time the denouement of the play commenced I felt we had seen a little too much blood and the murders became almost farcical. ... Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-240355831738279702020-03-02T02:18:00.001-08:002020-03-02T02:18:03.963-08:00Free Printable Math Charts, Grids and Graph Paper PDFsFree Printable Math Charts, Grids and Graph Paper PDFs Even in early mathematics, certain specialized papers and tools must be used to ensure students are able to quickly and easily identify numbers on graphs, grids, and charts, but buying reams of graph or isometric paper can be expensive! For that reason, weve compiled a list of printable PDFs that will help prepare your student for completing his or her math course load. Whether its a standard multiplication or 100s chart or one-half inch graph paper, the following resources are essential for your elementary student to be able to participate in math lessons and each comes with its own utility for specific areas of study. Read on to discover the different charts, grids, and graph papers your young mathematician will need in order to complete his or her studies, and learn some fun facts about early mathematics along the way! Essential Charts for Grades One Through Five Every young mathematician should always have a few handy number charts in their possession in order to more easily solve the increasingly difficult equations presented in first through fifth grades, but none may be quite as useful as theà multiplication chart.à A multiplication chart should be laminated and used with young learners working on the multiplication fact families as each multiplication chart illustrates the various products of multiplying numbers up to 20 together. This will help expedite the process of calculating larger problems as well as helping students commit the basic multiplication table to memory. Another great chart for young learners is theà 100s Chart, whichà is primarily also used in grades one through five. This chart a visual tool that displays all the numbers up to 100 then every 100s number larger than that, which helps with skip counting, observing patterns in numbers, adding, and subtracting to name a few concepts this chart is associated with. Graphs and Dot Papers Depending on the grade your student is in, he or she may require different sized graph papers to plot data points on a graph.à 1/2 Inch,à 1 CM, andà 2 CM graph paperà are all staples in math education but are used more frequently in teaching and practicing measurement and geometry concepts. Dot paper, both inà portraità andà landscapeà formats, is another tool used for geometry, flips, slides, and turns along with sketching shapes to scale. This type of paper is highly popular for young mathematicians because it provides a precise but flexible canvas the students use to illustrate their understanding of core shapes and measurements. Another version of dot paper,à isometric paper, features dots that are not placed in a standard grid format, rather the dots in the first column are raised a few centimeters from the dots in the second column, and this pattern repeats across the paper with every other column higher than the one before it. Isometric paper in sizesà 1 CMà andà 2 CMà is meant to help students understand abstract shapes and measurements. Coordinate Grids When students start to approach the topic of algebra, they will no longer rely on dot paper or graphs to plot the numbers in their equations; instead, they will rely on the more detailed coordinate grids with or without numbers alongside the axises. The size of the coordinate grids needed for each math assignment varies by each question, but generally speaking printing several à 20x20 coordinate grids with numbersà will suffice for most math assignments. Alternatively,à 9x9 dotted coordinate gridsà andà 10x10 coordinate grids, both without numbers, may suffice for early-level algebraic equations. Eventually, students may need to plot several different equations on the same page, so there are also printable PDFs that includeà four 10x10 coordinate gridsà without andà with numbers, fourà 15x15 dotted coordinate grids without numbers, and even nineà 10x10 Dottedà and non-dottedà coordinate grids. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-62750159797956595712020-02-14T17:42:00.001-08:002020-02-14T17:42:02.922-08:00Asian American Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsAsian American Culture - Research Paper Example In the current age of globalization, Asian traditionalists complain that the essence and their distinctly Asian culture have been Americanized and not given as much importance by the younger generations of Asian-Americans. Those who favor the current trends in the globalization of culture declare that the current trends in cultural exchange are inevitable. Based on these premises, this paper shall now seek to analyze the different aspects of one or more cultures of sub-cultures outside the Anglo-American traditions of American society. It shall describe the Asian and the American culture, compare them, and articulate the influence of the former on the latter. One of the distinctly Asian cultural qualities is their strong sense of family and family relations. Asians consider the family to be the center of their lives and the foundation of their communities (Chan, 2007). They believe that by living in harmony with their family, they can experience a full existence; and achieving a successful academic performance is the greatest joy they can bestow on their parents (Chan, 2007). The Asian has a strong bond with his family and his family also gives him the opportunities for growth which he can later use when he reaches adulthood. An Asianââ¬â¢s strong family values and bonds can often be seen in the business world where family run businesses are often seen in Asian communities (Asian American Influence, 2008). We see these Asian families working together in restaurants and other businesses; and with each member playing a role and contributing to the profitability of their business. Asian families also expect their children to do well in s chool and would do everything in their capacity to ensure that their children get the best education (Asian American Culture, 2008). They carry these expectations beyond the borders of their native country as migrants to the United States or to other Western nations. Asian Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-30403843092058309972020-02-01T23:12:00.001-08:002020-02-01T23:12:03.447-08:00Franz Kavka, Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsFranz Kavka, - Term Paper Example Kafka, despite reverberating in all his greatness, was always consumed by the fact that death was absolute and approaching him almost all the time. He soon became obsessed with the fact and put forth a number of statements with respect to killing Jews all around him. In one of the articles chosen, it has been mentioned that, ââ¬Å"Sometimes I'd like to stuff all Jews (myself included) into a drawer of a laundry basket-then open it to see if they've suffocated.â⬠(Karra) Even in his works, for example in Metamorphosis, he talks about the emotional death that every man must face during the course of his lifetime. He also tries to show that it is not necessarily a bad thing; and that it is the doom that must fall upon all of mankind eventually. He tries to portray that a person can avoid and be free from death if he is crazy enough to commit suicide. He was sick of society, and on a different level, a little scared as well. This was because he was afraid to publish his works publi cly and have them read and criticized by other people around him. Kafka spent a great amount of time trying to improve the image that he had created for himself around the people he lived with. He was also a hypochondriac, leading him to his infatuation with death subsequently. He feared losing himself in something he did not want to. He thus feared death as much as he welcomed it. Even though he resented Jews and openly wrote and talked about killing them and doing away with all of them including him, he did not foresee the Holocaust which took place soon after his death. The Holocaust had perhaps taken base on his ideas, who knows, because Kafka talked about suffocating Jews and that is exactly what happened in the gas chambers of the concentration and extermination camps set up by Hitler. In Metamorphosis however, Kafka has presented a completely different version of his character Gregor from that of himself. He writes that Gregor is a very socially acceptable man and is trying t o make his own way in life and society. As Gregor is transformed into an insect, or his metamorphosis begins, he begins to see how no one is ready to take him for who he is. An insect is an unwanted bug by everyone, and soon he is kicked out of his own home by his parents and nobody within the society is willing to accept him for who he might be. No one can hear him or understand what he was trying to say either. Much the same way, according to Marx, ââ¬Å"In small numbers, an animal so defenceless as evolving man might struggle along even in conditions of isolation.â⬠Due to this, Gregor dies out of loneliness and isolation as he is not able to survive anymore, and this death is his pathway to freedom and liberation from the clutches and shackles of society that had bound him to surviving according to the needs and desires of other people. (Kafka, Franz) The concept of hunger artists have also been explained in this book as an artist who has been fasting during the time that he has been looking out for people who are interested in his work of art. Soon however, he dies because no one wills to show any interest, and the artist is forced to retreat back to his cage and suffer alone there. Kafka was an absurd man who never enjoyed what he really wrote himself. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-54613354339984288142020-01-24T19:34:00.001-08:002020-01-24T19:34:04.175-08:00Salman Rushdie :: essays research papers There have been very few writers who have been dogged by controversy throughout their careers. Some have been persecuted in less enlightened times such as Mark Twain, and some have been ridiculed by the press like Edgar Allan Poe. Yet, Salman Rushdie was the first author in the free world to have been pursued from across continents and forced into hiding because of a death sentence by a foreign government. To say Salman Rushdie is a very controversial writer in todayââ¬â¢s society would be a gross understatement. Rushdie in fact could be considered the ideal poster boy for absolute freedom of the press. It is not that Rushdie prides himself on being rebellious, he simply presents his ideas bluntly and it just so happens that his ideas address extremely volatile topics such as the Islam religion. Rushdieââ¬â¢s philosophy was eloquently put when he wrote, ââ¬Å"What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist.â⬠Contrary to many great authors, Rushdie did not endure a traumatic childhood, suffer from alcohol addiction, or live with chronic depression. Instead, Rushdie actually had what many would view as a close to perfect upbringing. Rushdie was born in 1947 to a middle-class Moslem family in the great city of Bombay, India. His paternal grandfather was an Urdu poet, and his father a Cambridge educated businessman. At the age of fourteen, Rushdie was sent to Rugby School in England where he excelled in his studies. Rushdie went on to continue his studies at King's College, Cambridge, where he studied history. After graduating in 1968 he worked for a time with television in Pakistan as an actor with the theatre group at Oval House in Kennington. Then, from 1971 to 1981 Rushdie earned his living by working intermittently as a freelance advertising copywriter for Ogilvy and Mather and Charles Barker. Rushdie eventually began his literary career in 1975 when he made his debut with Grimus, a sort of fantastical science fiction novel based on the twelfth century Sufi poem ââ¬Å"The Conference of Birdsâ⬠. Grimus however received little fame and Rushdie truly broke into the literary world with his second novel Midnightââ¬â¢s Children, in 1981, which won him the Booker prize and international fame. This novel began his controversial persona as well. The novel is a comic allegory of Indian history that revolves around the life of its narrator, Saleem Sinai, and the one thousand children born after Indiaââ¬â¢s Declaration of Independence. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-53057984097682251112020-01-16T15:58:00.001-08:002020-01-16T15:58:04.087-08:00Energy needs EssayWhether the energy needs of a society depend on wood to provide the basic cooking and heating requirements of village life, or on the immensely varied fuel mix of the industrialized nations with their highly complex production and distribution systems, civilization is impossible without an adequate energy supply. In industrialized societies the situation is further complicated by the competition between the use of fossil fuel as an energy source and their vital role as raw materials for the pertochemical industries, which produce plastics, fertilizers, animal feedstocks, pharmaceuticals, and industrial gases. Thus the so-called energy problem has implications for the whole structure of modern societies. Renewable resources are those which will replenish themselves naturaly in a relatively short time and will therefore always be avialable. They include: Geothermal Energy ââ¬â which arises through the leakage of heat from the Earthââ¬â¢s interior to the surface. Turbine generator worked through the heat of water coming from underneath the earth. While the turbine is working, mechanical energy produces electricity. Hydroelectric Power ââ¬â the energy coming from water. Dams are built and when water pass through here, the mechanical energy from the turbines produces electricity. ] Solar Energy ââ¬â the energy coming from the heat of sun, can be used to produce electricity by means of solar cells or panels. Wind Power ââ¬â the windmills produced mechanical energy when blown by wind. The mechanical energy produced here is the one that produces electric energy, like other sources of energy. Biomass Energy ââ¬â energy from bio fuels such as: cultivated crops crop residue natural waste vegetation wood domestic and industrial refuses Malaking tulong ang yamang enerhiya sa mga tao para sa ikagagaan at ikauunlad ng pamumuhay nito. Halimbawa ng yamang enerhiya ay ang kuryente o elektrisidad. Ito ay ginagamit natin sa pang-araw. Sa pagluluto, nandyan ang rice cooker, sa paglalaba, ang gamit natin ay washing machine para hindi tayo mapagod masyado sa paglalaba, ang gamit nating ilaw sa gabi para maliwanag ang ating bahay at kapaligiran. Halos lahat ng gamit natin ngayon ay nangangailangan ng kuryente. Sa mga negosyo, kasama sa pag-unlad nito ay ang paggamit ng yamang enerhiya. Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. Itââ¬â¢s clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earthââ¬â¢s surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma. Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity generation ââ¬â 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010,[1] and is expected to increase about 3. 1% each year for the next 25 years. Ang langis ay isang sustansyang kimikal na nasa katayuang malapot na likido (ââ¬Å"malangisâ⬠) sa temperaturang pang-silid o mas mainit ng kaunti, at parehong hidropobiko (inmissible o hindi mahalo sa tubig) at lipopiliko (missible o nahahalo sa ibang mga langis, sa literal). Kabilang sa pangkalahatang kahulugan na ito ang mga kompuwestong uri na may ibang hindi kaugnay na mga kimikal na kayarian, katangian at gamit, kabilang ang langis ng gulay, petrokimikang mga langis, at pabagu-bagong mga mahahalagang langis. Hindi polar na sustansya ang langis. Sa kolokyal na gamit, maaaring tumukoy din ang katawagang langis sa petrolyo. arbon o karbono (Kastila: carbono, Ingles: Carbon) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talaang peryodiko na may simbolo na C at bilang atomiko na 6. Matatagpuan ang karbon sa lahat ng organikong buhay at ang batayan ng organikong kimika. May interesadong katangiang kimikal ang hindi metal na elementong ito na maaaring ikawi sa sarili nito at sa malawak na ibaââ¬â¢t ibang mga elemento, binubuo ang halos 10 milyong mga kompuwesto. Kapag sinama sa oksihena, binubuo ang dioksido karbono (carbon dioxide) na napakahalaga para sa paglago ng isang halaman. Kapag sinama sa idroheno, binubuo ito ng mga ibaââ¬â¢t ibang mga kompuwesto na tinatawag na mga idrokarburo (hydrocarbons) na mahalaga para sa industriya sa anyo ng mga fossil fuel (panggatong fossil). Kapag pinagsama sa parehong oksihena at idroheno, bumubuo ito ng mga ibaââ¬â¢t ibang mga kompuwesto kabilang ang mga matatabang asido, na mahalaga sa buhay, at mga ester, na nabigigay lasa sa maraming mga prutas. Karaniwang ginagamit sa radyoaktibong pagtataya ang karbon-14 na isotope. Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electrical power, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships. Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis, which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent energy problems the world now faces Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. It is a renewable energy source, like solar and wind energy. Furthermore, biogas can be produced from regionally available raw materials and recycled waste and is environmentally friendly. Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant material, and crops. [1] Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH 4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H 2S), moisture and siloxanes. Ang enerhiyang nukleyar ay galing sa paghihiwalay o paghahati ng mga atomo ng uranyo sa isang proseso ng tinatawag na nukleyar fission. Sa isang planta ng kuryente ang proseso ng fission ay ginagamit upang makagawa ng init, ang init na ito ay gagamitin para makagawa ng mainit na singaw para gamitin sa turbina para makagawa ng kuryente. Ang enerhiyang nukleyar kasulukyang nagbibigay ng halos labing lima (15) porsyento ng kuryente sa buong mundo. Sa kasalukuyan ay merong apat na raan at tatlumput siyam (439) na nukleyar reactor na umaandar sa tatlumpuââ¬â¢t isang bansa (31) ngayon sa mundo. Marami ang tumututol sa paggamit ng enerhiyang nukleyar dahil sa mga aksidente sa nakaraan katulad ng Chernobyl Disaster sa Rusya, ang Three Mile Island Disaster sa Estados Unidos at ang Fukushima 1 sa Hapon. Kung masusing pagaaralan ang presyo per kilowatthour sa enerhiyang nukleyar ay mas mura kesa sa mga nakasanayang coal o diesel na powerplants. Ang nukleyar na enerhiya ay ang pinakamagandang sa mga alternatibo ang dapat lamang ay tamang pagpaplano at ang pagpapatakbo nito ng maayos at ligtas. AEROGAS is a supplier of rare and specialty gases. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-66301530862419659462020-01-08T12:21:00.001-08:002020-01-08T12:21:03.993-08:00Summary Bolivian Penury - 1946 Words Bolivian Penury Not unlike many of the Southern American countries which were colonized by Spanish conquistadors, Bolivia was imperialized by spaniards in the 16th century through the defeat of the Incan Empire. The native population of Bolivia was thrust immediately into poverty and slavery, though they avoided the major devastation of European disease which ravaged through other native settlements which had been imperialized. Spaniards put slaves to work mining and ââ¬Å"By the end of the 17th century, the mineral wealth had begun to dry up.â⬠(Infoplease) Bolivia gained its independence in 1825 and suffered from much turmoil within and without its borders. It lost much land to outside forces, and political instability, as is common among recently independent countries, contributed to a loss of diminishing wealth. The country currently sits on the second largest natural gas deposit in the world, and also contains much oil, but due to lack of capitalism in the country, it has yet to draw upon this large advantage. Currently, ââ¬Å"the country ranks 108th out of 187 countries on the United Nations Development Programmeââ¬â¢s Human Development Indexâ⬠(IFAD) About 60% of Bolivians are impoverished, and most of this poverty is among the indigenous population. The country suffers such poverty due to: Lack of capitalism, lack of rural roads or forms of easy transportation, limited access to institutions such as schools and hospitals. There are several solutions to the problems present in Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-38531771857918237892019-12-31T08:47:00.001-08:002019-12-31T08:47:03.509-08:00Small Businesses Are Essential For The Growth Of Any Economy Background: Small businesses are essential for the growth of any economy since they are considered as building blocks. They can be equated to stem cells in the human body that have the ability to self-generate and differentiate into various structural forms. Small businesses can be established to cut across industries, countries, and communities. One of the primary roles of small businesses is the creation of employment for large numbers of people in society. In the United States (US), small businesses are estimated to create jobs for approximately 64 percent of the population with most of them having less than 500 employees. In other countries like Australia, small businesses are classified as those having less than 20 employees.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Importantly, strategies play a significant role in the growth of small businesses. This is because they offer a company a direction and come up with the way through which the goals can be achieved. However, early research indicates that sm all businesses do not take into consideration the role played by strategy in ensuring that their growth is attained. Moreover, much of the existing literature emphasizes large businesses entities with no explicit theoretical frameworks explaining the management of small businesses. The results of the studies confirm the relevance of the subject and the need to conduct more research on this topic to develop the strategies that will offer small businesses guidance and direction on the various development strategies. Problem Statement: Business growth relies on the strategies that are applied in production and marketing of products. Managers should set goals and the timeframe within which the goals should be achieved. This can be done only if there is sufficient knowledge regarding the market. Therefore, it is important that adequate research on growth strategies for small businesses is carried out. Currently, there is limited knowledge about small businesses which can be justified by the small level of interest, inadequate economic data, and the assumption that small businesses do not use growth strategies. It is important to note that small businesses working withShow MoreRelatedWhat Does The Study of Regional Economy Teach Us?1436 Words à |à 6 Pagesscience is a sub field of social sciences that analyzes approaches to urban, rural, or regional problems. It involves the study of spatial patters to analyze the economic factors of a region. 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They had to do something different in order to see Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-25527025318645046392019-12-23T04:34:00.001-08:002019-12-23T04:34:02.573-08:00Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ( Dsm V ) - 829 Words Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V), American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), World Health Organization (WHO) (1995) are two similar systems (though not identical) which clinicians use to offer dependence diagnosing criteria by objectively identifying substance misuse and mental health disorder. According to Cooper (2011) dual diagnosis, co-morbidity, co-existence or co-occurring are terms used to identify the combination of substance use and mental health problems. (SOURCE) states that dual diagnosis, co-morbidity, co-existence, co-occurring, mental ill health, mental distress and mental health disorder/problems are terminologies used interchangeably. McHugh et al (2010) suggests that substance use is the taking of any illicit psychoactive substances or the improper use of any prescribed or over the counter medications. Hawkings and Gilburt, (2004, p.10) argues that substance use is the consumption of drugs by an individual into their bloodstream through injecting, swallowing or smoking, while similarly APA (2013) maintains that a substance use disorder occurs when the use of one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress. Mind (2013) maintains that mental health problems are likely to affect the way individuals think, feel and behave. Similarly Townsend (2014) suggests that mental illness is the diagnosed clinically recognised behavioural patterns or symptoms. Therefore itShow MoreRelatedWhy There Is Conflict Over The Dsm 51432 Words à |à 6 PagesWhy There Is Conflict over the DSM-5 Brenda Anwar Guilford Technical Community College While there has been conflict over the DSM, the DSM is considered to be the Bible of diagnostic in psychiatry. The American Psychiatric Association published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders. (DSM) The DSM has attracted controversy and criticism as well as praise since it has been usedRead MoreEssay On Children With Explosive Anger Outbursts952 Words à |à 4 PagesDSM-5 is children with explosive anger outbursts and has persistent irritability; DSM-5 can also present many different psychiatric illnesses. The scientific support for DSM-5 comes from studies of the related but not identical to severe mood dysregulation. The diagnosis has criteria for frequency (three outbursts per week), persistence, duration, and age. Negative moods like depressed, angry, sad, irritable, or low frustration tolerance was present in 8-13% of the school-aged children. About 25%Read Mo reOut Of The Darkness : Nonsuicidal Self Injury Essay986 Words à |à 4 Pagesinjuryââ¬âthese are words used to describe the action of nonsuicidal self injury (NSSI). NSSI is currently in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-The Fifth Edition (DSM-V) under the categories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and topics for further study. In BPD, NSSI is considered a symptom of the disorder itself. In the category of topics for further study, a set of diagnostic criteria is given, as if was classified as a mental disorder; however, the criteria is not intended forRead MoreControversies Surrounding Classification of Disorders Essay957 Words à |à 4 PagesAbstract The DSM is used as a standard of reference for psychological diagnosis. The DSM was originally published in 1952 containing only 106 diagnoses; today the revised DSM-IV-TR contains 365 diagnoses. Throughout the history of the DSM, individuals in the mental health profession have relied on it for clarification of disorders, facilitating research, improving communication with other professionals and improving the collection of clinical information. With a new DSM-V underway, there hasRead MoreEffects Of Mental Disorders974 Words à |à 4 Pages241 million youths have one or more mental disorders, among which anxiety disorder, depressive disorder and ADHD are the most common one (Polanczyk, Salum, Sugaya, Caye Rohde, 2015). A survey conducted in U.S. based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-V found that approximately one fourth to one fifth of adolescents meet the mental disorder diagnosis criteria (Merikangas, 2010). So what are the reasons behind the current ââ¬Ëepidemicââ¬â¢ of mental disorder? Many people attributeRead MoreStrength and weaknesses of DSM52236 Words à |à 9 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses of DSM-IV TR, as well as new changes for DSM-V. DSM-IV TR, which stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition), Text Revision was published by the American Psychiatric Association in 2000 and serves as a guide book for many health professionals to diagnose a patient with a mental disorder. It also helps health professionals to determine what types of treatment could be carried out to help the patient. The latest DSM is widely used, especiallyRead MoreThe Incorrect Diagnosis For Greater Reimbursement1459 Words à |à 6 Pagesthat there are alternatives that have the same, if not better, outcome. Lastly, the DSM-V has expanded the diagnostic criteria by implementing new diagnostic categories (Wakefield, 131). These occur simultaneously. When a client is diagnosed by a health care professional, they assume there is a stigma that relates to mental illness. There are arguments that the title of the book, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, creates an underlying misconception that diagnosis is automaticallyRead MoreAutism Is A Neurological Development Disorder967 Words à |à 4 PagesAutism is a neurological development disorder that affects one in eighty-eight people. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition(DSM-IV) there were five types of autism. They were all listed under what is called Autism Spectrum Disorder. People on the spectrum range from dysfunctional to functional. The most functional form is called, Asperger s Syndrome. People with Asperger s Syndrome have above average intelligence; the people on the other end of the spectrumRead MoreExploring Ways of Conceptualizing ASD in Africa1439 Words à |à 6 Pagesconceptualizing ASD in Africa. Questioning the cultural sensitivity of the DSM. Rodeen Beresford-Cole 27/05/14 Exploring research findings of ASD etiology and epidemiology in non-western cultures in developing countries. This will determine whether the DSM is culturally sensitive to other parts of the world. Does the DSM take into account different conceptual social constructs of mental health from diverse cultures? The manual mentions that professionals should take into account the patients socialRead MorePsychopathology Diagnostic Classification Systems ( Dsm ) Or The International Classification Of Diseases ( Icd )1656 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"psychopathology diagnostic classification systems (such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)) are of little use to health professionals and patients because behaviours are often misidentified and medicalisedâ⬠. To support this argument, this paper will discuss the most important four main points that contribute to the subjective judgement of DSM and the limit ations in validity, reliability and utility of DSM: subjectivity Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-60470060694832004122019-12-15T01:03:00.001-08:002019-12-15T01:03:04.547-08:00Les Miserables Essay Free Essays In Victor Hugoââ¬â¢s novel Les Miserableââ¬â¢s, one character plays a part in each of the other characterââ¬â¢s lives. Cosette, a little girl, is created to develop the rest of the ââ¬Å"miserablesâ⬠throughout the book. Fantine, Cosetteââ¬â¢s mother, digs herself into the shameless lifestyle of prostitution and poverty, while trying to support Cosette. We will write a custom essay sample on Les Miserables Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Thenardiers become her home while her mother leaves in search for work. There, Cosette is used to clean and work. Through Cosette, the Thenardierââ¬â¢s are shown as they beat and punish Cosette, their ââ¬Å"slaveâ⬠. Jean Valjean uses Cosette in a different way. He takes her in as his ââ¬Å"daughterâ⬠and finds companionship through her. Cosette is loved and cared for. As Cosetteââ¬â¢s character develops she is passed along from a pitiful mother who cannot support her; to the Thenardierââ¬â¢s who beat and starve her; then, to Jean Valjean who takes Cosette in where she becomes his everything. Fantine, desperately in love with a man, Felix Tholomyes, whose feelings vary from hers, and yet she bears his child despite his fickle appearance. The illegitimate child, Cosette, is the outcome of her dying love toward him. Cosette is used to show Fantine as a ââ¬Å"miserable. â⬠Fantine leaves Cosette with the Thenardierââ¬â¢s and goes in search for a job to support Cosette. As Cosetteââ¬â¢s character grows, she reveals how pitiful Fantine becomes. Fantineââ¬â¢s devotion for Cosette, a little girl who is too young to give anything back in return, exposes us to one of the themes being forced to consider throughout the book, unrequited love. ââ¬Å"My child in not cold anymore, I dressed her in my hair. â⬠Fantine does everything she can to work for money to support Cosette. She sacrifices her hair so that Cosette will have clothes. Without Cosette Fantine could live her life for herself. She puts all her effort into a child that she does not see and which the child does not know who she is. The child, Cosette, is a symbol of all the love and everything Fantine put into a man who gave her nothing back. Cosetteââ¬â¢s character is used merely to show Fantine as she goes through life and through each step as she puts something into someone else, how ââ¬Å"miserableâ⬠she becomes. As the Thenardierââ¬â¢s continue to send Fantine bills for Cosetteââ¬â¢s deceptive needs, Fantine continues to find ways to get that money. She goes to every extent go the money they claim to need for Cosette. Fantine sells everything she has, and when she had nothing she sells herself. She becomes a prostitute as an alternative to earn money. The Thenardierââ¬â¢s use Cosette to get money from Fantine as needed. Fantine, being weak and trusting, does not know of their plans and her love for Cosette lets her fall into their scheme. The Thenardierââ¬â¢s take in Cosette because Fantine canââ¬â¢t take care of her and work at the same time. As Cosette gets older she becomes useful to the Thenardierââ¬â¢s. Her innocent childhood is taken away from her and she is treated like a slave. Cosette is used to clean and work around the house making stockings and other necessary things. Cosetteââ¬â¢s character and the way she is treated show the Thenardierââ¬â¢s authority. The way that the two daughters of the Thenardierââ¬â¢s wonââ¬â¢t play with Cosette reveals the superiority the daughters claim to have over Cosette. Cosette is different; she is small and skinny, for she doesnââ¬â¢t get fed as well; she is dirty and her clothes have holes, for doesnââ¬â¢t have the privilege of getting a bath; and she is used as help and treated as a slave. This shows the boundary that was put up between Cosette and the Thenardier girls. Cosette isnââ¬â¢t loved or cared for-only used. Her role plays into the plot of the book; after being beat and tortured by the evil Thenardierââ¬â¢s, itââ¬â¢s time for Cosette to be saved. Jean Valjean comes just in time to take Cosette away from these awful people. Cosette play an important role in the life of Jean Valjean. After being imprisoned for nineteen years and accused of many other crimes, Jean Valjean canââ¬â¢t find it in him to love or trust another human. Cosette changes that for him. When Jean Valjean first goes to the Thenardierââ¬â¢s and notices poor Cosette working away at knitting stockings while the other children play he connects with her. Jean Valjean then buys the stockings she is knitting and gives her permission to play. Cosette is shocked for she is never allowed to play, and Jean Valjean finds joy in watching this little girl content. When Jean Valjean takes Cosette from the Thenardiers, she becomes his ââ¬Å"daughter. â⬠Jean Valjean grows very attached to Cosette and learns to love and care for her. Cosette is used to show that a man in prison can change. Jean Valjean changes once Cosette enters his life. His actions become revolved around the safety and happiness of her. Jean Valjean existence is centered on Cosette. As her character is developed with him, Jean Valjeanââ¬â¢s outgoing love for others is revealed. Having Cosette in Jean Valjeanââ¬â¢s life, it exposes us to a changed side of him. Through, Cosette, it is showed that a man in prison can become a good man. After adopting Cosette, taking her in, loving and caring for her, Jean Valjean and Cosetteââ¬â¢s relationship shows what a good man he has become. Cosette becomes Jean Valjeanââ¬â¢s entity. He puts everything into her happiness. She symbolizes all he has. When she falls in love with Marius and leaves him, he has nothing. Jean Valjeanââ¬â¢s reason for living dies and so does he. Cosetteââ¬â¢s character moves around many times throughout the novel. She spends a portion of the book with her mother, Fantine, who could not take care of her. Cosette becomes the object of Fantineââ¬â¢s poverty. Their relationship also exposes us to the theme of the unfulfilled love, since Cosette cannot return Fantineââ¬â¢s love at such a young age. Cosette then goes to the Thenardierââ¬â¢s where she presents us to this evil family who beat and abuse her. When Jean Valjean takes her in, Cosette reveals a side of Jean Valjean that has not yet been exposed- his loving side. Jean Valjean loves Cosette and supports and protects her. Cosette is used in many ways throughout the novel and by many different characters. Although she never becomes a well-rounded character, she plays an important role in the development of the other characters. Cosette touches each character she comes in contact with and each in a distinct way. How to cite Les Miserables Essay, Essays Les Miserables Essay Free Essays The longest running and arguably the most powerful musical production to have ever hit the stage, Les Miserables has been seen by over 60 million people in 42 different countries across the globe. Since its opening night at the Barbican Theatre on October 8, 1985, it has captured the hearts of many as it continues to break box-office records even in its 28th year. The story revolves around an ex-convict named Jean Valjean who broke his parole and is from then on pursued by a constabulary named Inspector Javert. We will write a custom essay sample on Les Miserables Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Valjean then dedicates his life to becoming an honest man who tries to show love for people around him who are in need. Les Miserables embodies a primarily historical performance, yet certain modern elements are present as well. Historical elements are manifested through its setting of 19th Century France. The use of language, the culture of the characters, as well as the costumes and outfits are also key indicators of the historical background of the production. Yet hints of modern ideas also turn up in the form of hierarchies, authorities, and causality within the story. Such a fusion of a historical setting and modern concepts helped spur the complexity and aesthetics of the entire production. Directed by Tom Hooper and produced by Cameron Mackintosh, Les Miserables the film starring Hugh Jackman and Anne Hathaway was released in 2012. It was a revolutionary production of film fused with musical theatre as it evoked tears from audiences all around the world. However, as a film, it deviated from certain norms of musical theatre and such is evident upon comparison with the 10th Anniversary Concert of Les Miserables starring Colm Wilkinson, Lea Salonga, and Michael Ball among others. A glaring difference between the two productions lies in the spectacle. While the costumes of both productions were vibrant and candy to the eyes, the 10th Anniversary Concert provided a powerful and striking display of ensemble and orchestra that was absent in the movie. Throughout the concert, the entire cast of characters was seated somewhere around center stage, easily visible to the audience. More so, the ensemble and cast members would occasionally participate in scenes that they did not have an on-stage role in. In contrast, the movie provided a very rigid and precise depiction of scenes and characters. Only characters that played active roles during a scene were tangible to the audienceââ¬â¢s senses. In sum, the movie provided a ââ¬Å"what you see is what you getâ⬠type of value to the audience, thus, giving them a clear idea of what was going on and exactly how the plot was unfolding. However, the concert provided audiences with a more dynamic and holistic theatrical experience, and as a result, a more appealing form of spectacle. Both performance films had similar and contrasting means of unveiling the given circumstances for certain characters. For instance, both productions utilized the music in the confrontation scene between Valjean and Javert to uncover the character of Javert. Following that scene, there was a sense of awareness that beyond his strict adherence to his duties and to the law, Javert was born in a jail and grew up in harsh conditions. On another note, Fantineââ¬â¢s given circumstances in the movie were revealed not only through the music, but also through her changes in costume, hair, and make up. In the concert, her given circumstances were revealed more through conventions. As it was refreshing to watch the complex plot of Les Miserables unfold in a straightforward manner as it did in the movie, it did not leave much room for theatrical conventions. The 10th Anniversary Concert on the other hand showcased such conventions that were lacking in the movie. During the first scene of the concert, prisoners walking behind two guards around the stage signified that the prisoners were not yet free and were being led to do more slave work. In addition, the scene where men are tumbling around the stage in slow motion behind a cart imparts to the audience that they are running down the streets trying to avoid being run over and crushed by the cart. These conventions contributed to the dynamics of the concert and gave the audience a more active role in terms of performance evaluation. As an art form, Les Miserables the movie took on a very grand idea of audience as the film was released in theatres globally. With its large-scale production, such an idea proved successful for the film. In contrast, the concertââ¬â¢s idea of an audience was both a live audience as well as an audience who would watch the film from households due to the fact that the concert was not released on the big screen. As a performance, the concertââ¬â¢s organizing principles were grounded and focused on the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the staging of Les Miserables. On the other hand, the movie was organized more for the sake of publicity as well as higher profit margins. Taking a step back to glance at the front cover of the theatrical film, it is clear that the movie offers a focused and detailed depiction of Les Miserables. The given circumstances will be crystal clear and the conventions will be minimal and very straightforward. Meanwhile, the front cover of the theatrical concert reveals a dynamic set up and a large-scale stage production. Such a poster reveals productionââ¬â¢s capacity for grand and complex theatrical conventions that could aid in the disclosing of given circumstances. In sum, both front covers are striking but the theatrical concertââ¬â¢s cover shows more dynamics than its subtler counterpart. In the postmodern age, where innovation and developments are abundant in the theatre, it is of utmost importance that critical questions brought up. In terms of the performances of Les Miserables, questions such as the following should be asked for optimum evaluation: What are the strengths and weaknesses of such a production? Are the musical pieces arranged in the most suiting manner? How can different art and performance forms be fused into such a production so that it can be improved? BIBLIOGRAPHY (ENDNOTES): * Patterson, Jim, Jim Hunter, Patti Gillespie, and Kenneth Cameron. The Enjoyment of Theatre. 8th ed. USA: Pearson Education, Inc. , 2011. * Verlezza, Joseph ââ¬Å"Cabaret. â⬠Peter Marshall: And Then She Wrote (2012): page nr. http://www. theatrereviews. com/reviews/cabaret-AndThenSheWrote. htm (accessed January 14, 2013). * Mackintosh, Cameron. ââ¬Å"Les Miserables. â⬠Les Miserables. http://www. lesmis. com/uk/ (accessed Feb 3, 2012). * Sweeney, Erica. ââ¬Å"How to Write a Theatre Performance Review. â⬠(2012): page nr. http://www. ehow. com/how_4881268_write-theatre-performance-review. html (accessed February 3, 2013) How to cite Les Miserables Essay, Essay examples Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-36888969293832451072019-12-06T21:26:00.001-08:002019-12-06T21:26:03.466-08:00Kevin Brown from the Radio Free free essay sample Part 1 of 1 15.0 Points Question 1 of 10 1.5 Points According to John Locke, sounds, colors, temperatures, tastes, and odors are what type of quality? A.primary Correct B.secondary C.sensation D.reflection Answer Key: B Question 2 of 10 1.5 Points According to Kevin Brown from the Radio Free Philosophy Podcast, Locke held that all we have direct contact with are what? A.Objects of reality B.Ideas C.Words themselves D.Things in themselves Incorrect E.All of the above Answer Key: B Question 3 of 10 1.5 Points What, according to John Locke, are the two kinds of ideas that furnish the empty room of the mind? A.primary / secondary Correct B.sensation / reflection C.real / artificial D.none of the above Answer Key: B Question 4 of 10 1.5 Points According to John Locke, primary qualities of an object are what? A.innate ideas to the mind B.intrinsic features of objects of reality C.dependent on an observer Incorrect D.none of the above Answer Key: B Question 5 of 10 1.5 Points According to Empiricists the mind at birthâ⬠¦ A.has innate ideas B.is a reincarnated soul C.contains the Forms of the Good Correct D.is a blank slate Answer Key: D Question 6 of 10 1.5 Points What is the fundamental principle according to Lockeââ¬â¢s empiricism? A.All knowledge begins with doubt. B.All knowledge arise from sense experience. C.All knowledge is a grasp for power. D.All knowledge is merely agreed upon opinion. Incorrect E.None of the above Answer Key: B Question 7 of 10 1.5 Points According to Immanuel Kant, we can never know what? Incorrect A.our experiences B.zombies C.the things in themselves D.cognitive categories of understanding Answer Key: C Question 8 of 10 1.5 Points According to John Locke, secondary qualities of an object have what? A.Qualities in the thing itself. B.The power to produce in us the ideas of sensation. Incorrect C.Features inseparable from the thing itself. D.The power to produce in us reflection on the objects inherent feature Answer Key: B Question 9 of 10 1.5 Points What is NOT a principle accepted by John Locke nor the other empiricists? Incorrect A.experience B.mathematics C.innate ideas D.all of the above Answer Key: C Question 10 of 10 1.5 Points Using Kantââ¬â¢s epistemological approach, the ability to ââ¬Å"seeâ⬠a face is a function of what? Incorrect A.seeing the object at it is in reality B.innate ideas of faces C.only the sense data of seeing the eyes, nose, mouth, skin, etc. D.sense data and the organizing categories of the mind Answer Key: D Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-33355508141491841772019-11-29T09:28:00.001-08:002019-11-29T09:28:03.766-08:00The Spanish Conquest Essay ExampleThe Spanish Conquest Essay The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs in 1521, led by Hernando Cortes, was a landmark victory for the European settlers. Following the Spanish arrival in Mexico, a huge battle erupted between the army of Cortes and the Aztec people under the rule of Montezuma. The Aztecs are a tribe, according to their own legends, from Aztlan somewhere in the north of modern Mexico. A major part of their life was religion. A polytheistic people, they often practiced human sacrifice to please their gods . The Aztecs had good wealth from trading and heavy payments of tribute from conquered people. According to legend, the god Quetzalcoatl, characterized by light skin, red hair, and light eyes, was supposed to return to earth. This appearance is very similar to Hernando Cortezââ¬â¢s appearance, and why the Aztecs greeted the Spaniards with food, gold, and women one of them, known to the Spaniards as Dona Marina, becomes Cortes mistress and interpreter . In November 1519 when Cortes approaches Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztecs, his small force is augmented by 1000 Tlaxtalecs . But to the astonishment of the Spaniards, no force is needed. Cortes wasted no time in taking claim for god and King. He challenged the natives and entered Tenochtitlan, taking the Aztec leader, Montezuma, hostage which led to the Aztec uprising that culminated in La Noche Triste . The Spaniards had the advantage over the Aztecs in every way except for numbers. They had strange animals that the Aztecs had never seen before such as the horse, which they thought were connected to the Spaniards. We will write a custom essay sample on The Spanish Conquest specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Spanish Conquest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Spanish Conquest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The horses allowed the Spaniards to tower over the battling Aztecs giving them an advantage on spotting on coming attacks. The Spaniards also had guns, swords, cannons, and metal shields to protect their bodies . The Aztecs didnââ¬â¢t try to kill the Spaniards but instead tried to use them as sacrifices. Theyââ¬â¢d beat them with their wooden weapons or throw spears at them to injure them. Despite Cortesââ¬â¢s encountering a few setbacks, there was no contest, and he managed to subdue five million Aztecs with his tiny army. Not only did they beat the Aztecs in battle, the diseases syphilis and smallpox helped them by killing off half of the Aztecs . Aside from this negative aspect of the European discovery of the New World, the Spaniards had some positive effects on the native population. They introduced domestic animals like horses, sheep, cattle, and pigs to the American Continent. Furthermore, they brought sugar, and different kinds of grains and fruits with them. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-25590239578453659592019-11-25T14:57:00.001-08:002019-11-25T14:57:04.715-08:00Defense Mechs In Lit Essays - Defence Mechanisms, M. ButterflyDefense Mechs In Lit Essays - Defence Mechanisms, M. Butterfly Defense Mechs In Lit Who hasnt been hurt if their life? A loved one passing away, a lover tearing at the heart, a rejection of something desired. Everyone has certain stresses in which they have to deal with and react to. As the burden of the stress mounts, certain levels of anxiety arise. How do humans behave in the depths of this anxiety? People have developed varied counter measures called defense mechanisms in an attempt to confront their issues. Many of the theories behind defense mechanisms commenced with the work of Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that a conflict existed between the id, ego and the superego. This accounted for the anxieties within human existence. Freud stated that individuals use these mechanisms subconsciously, and that it is normal and acceptable to do so. Yet a metaphorical line can be drawn. A line where if crossed can be damaging to ones psyche. It may cause the individual not to deal with the situation or problem, but rather to repress them. Thus damaging the individual or those around him further. The repressor does not deal with his feeling directly. He hides them. Directs them using the mechanism. I will examine the use of defense mechanisms in the context of two works explored in class. These are the movie The Fisher King and David Hwangs M. Butterfly. Both of the lead characters in each of these works use defense mechanisms to mask certain pains that have caused conflict. There are parallels and differences in the comparison of the two. The days coming to an end. Youve finished work and want some down time to unwind. So you get the wife and head out to eat. Sit down and relax for what should be an enjoyable evening. Yet, your serenity is obliterated, destroyed with the explosion of a gun. Parrys world is destroyed by the death of his wife in the Fisher King. He is committed to an asylum. When he leaves and enters the world again, his vision of reality is blurred. Parry develops a number of defense mechanisms in order to combat the war in his mind. Parry initially forms what is known as repression. This is the most commonly found defense mechanism. It is simply a repression of the memory. Basically, in essence, forgetting The repression of the memory is not permanent, however, as it is stored in the subconscious and can inflict the subject at any time. The stored memories can often times be violent to the subject and can lead to a blacking out period in which the subject will awaken with no memory. Parry endured what seemingly was a classic case of repression. He would not think of his wife in a normal sense. He did not look back at fond memories or at the time they had together. He simply tried to forget her. And when memories resurfaced, he displayed classic examples of repression. The violent outburst followed by a period of time where the memory would again be repressed until the next emotional upheaval. But perhaps the more intriguing defense mechanism employed by Parry is that of fantasy. Everyone has fantasies. But Parry creates a world, a fantastical vision of knights and demons and the Holy Grail. Within the movie this plays very well as allusions and metaphors can be played off Parry dementia. The actual memory of his wifes passing is that of a red fiery knight, coming to strike Parry. To hurt him. To destroy his world. There is a certain level of intimacy one achieves with the member of the opposite sex. Could it be possible to be that intimate for a number of years and not to realize a shocking truth? A reality that while one might not want to grasp has to be visibly apparent. I am referring to M Butterfly. An adaptation of a play by David Hwang. Gallimard simply does not comprehend that Song is male. He sees her as the epitome of feminism. Whilst all the while, she is obtaining secrets that will later condemn him. Gallimard displays a variety of defense mechanisms. But these are encountered for reasons polar to Parry. While Parry mechanisms were designed to mask an event of the past, Gallimard Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-40684274283717452542019-11-21T22:21:00.001-08:002019-11-21T22:21:03.965-08:00Evaluation of Firm versus Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsEvaluation of Firm versus Market - Essay Example A firmââ¬â¢s decision to make or buy depends on which is more beneficial to the firm. If the firm chooses to make then it will have to engage in vertical integration where it starts or acquires a business in order to facilitate upstream activities that are required for the production of the goods and services that it provides. In making this decision there are various factors for consideration, including the coordination of production flows through the vertical chain. In order to determine whether to make or buy a firm should compare the benefits and costs of using the market as opposed to performing the activity internally. The benefits of using the market include: ï⠧ The fact that firms that are producing for the market (market firms)can achieve economies of scale that cannot be achieved by producing that the firm may not be able to achieve by producing it internally ï⠧ Market firms must operate both efficient and innovative to survive and so they have to subject themselves to the discipline that the market requires. The overall success of the corporate entity may hide the inefficiencies that exist in carrying out specific activities internally. The costs of using the market include: ï⠧ The fact that coordination of production flows through the vertical chain may be compromised when an activity is purchased from an independent market firm rather than performed internally. ï⠧ The risk of private information being leaked to competitors by the independent market firm.... In order to determine whether to make or buy a firm should compare the benefits and costs of using the market as opposed to performing the activity internally. The benefits of using the market include: The fact that firms that are producing for the market (market firms)can achieve economies of scale that cannot be achieved by producing that the firm may not be able to achieve by producing it internally Market firms must operate both efficient and innovative to survive and so they have to subject themselves to the discipline that the market requires. The overall success of the corporate entity may hide the inefficiencies that exist in carrying out specific activities internally. The costs of using the market include: The fact that coordination of production flows through the vertical chain may be compromised when an activity is purchased from an independent market firm rather than performed internally. The risk of private information being leaked to competitors by the independent mark et firm. transaction costs involved in doing business with independent market firms can be avoided if the activity is performed internally Coordination of production of production flows through the vertical chain is of extreme importance to business. When the decision to buy a product from a market firm is taken coordination of production flows has to be emphasized through the preparation of contracts. In order for this to be a success the decisions that one firm makes must be coordinated with those of the other firm. There has to be a good fit if this cooperative effort is to succeed. The dimensions of production that this encompass are timing fit; size fit; colour fit; and sequence fit. Timing fit relates to the coordination of the increased supply of a new Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-86109188862230195382019-11-20T17:50:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:50:05.058-08:00Discussion Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8Discussion Question - Assignment Example He has an autocratic style that created an environment of fear among his managers which resulted in high employee turnover (Kapner, 1998). A former manager of the company described Schmitt as one who ââ¬Å"destabilized the company and surrounded himself with Yes people. All the entrepreneurial spirit left" (Kapner, 1998). Some investors and analysts have faulted Schmitt because of his inability to react immediately to the changes in the marketplace (Kapner, 1998). Michael Hamilton, a portfolio manager at Invista Capital Management stated that Rubbermaid ââ¬Å"lost control of the brand and expensesâ⬠(Kapner, 1998). Given the above scenario of Rubbermaid during Schmittââ¬â¢s time, it would have been for the good of the company if Schmitt was more open to the opinions and suggestions of people who are more knowledgeable than him in certain aspects of the business. Major strategic decisions cannot be made with a snap of a finger; it should be discussed thoroughly and comprehensively. In an organization as huge as Rubbermaid, Schmitt cannot solely rely on his abilities to come up with major decisions. Schmitt can definitely learn a lesson from Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks who said, ââ¬Å"I think its very difficult to lead today when people are not really truly participating in the decision. You wont be able to attract and retain great people if they dont feel like they are part of the authorship of the strategy and the authorship of the really critical issues. If you dont give people an opportunity to really be engaged, they wont stay" (Vogan, 2006). This statement from Schultz is certainl y the wisdom behind the amazing success of Starbucks. Jackson, E. (2012, January 2). The seven habits of spectacularly unsuccessful executives. Retrieved May 30, 2012, from forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericjackson/2012/01/02/the-seven-habits-of-spectacularly-unsuccessful-executives/ Kapner, Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-67172906369099420132019-11-18T18:01:00.001-08:002019-11-18T18:01:02.726-08:00Hip Hop Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsHip Hop Music - Essay Example The term hip hop was coined by a rapper known as Keith Cowboy who was a group member of the Grandmaster flash and the Furious five band. He did this when he was teasing a friend who had joined the U.S. army by singing these words i.e. hip hop hip hop in a manner that imitated the rhythm of marching soldiers. He then used the hip hop rhythm in a part of his performance on stage from where other artistes picked. The word first appeared in print form in a book titled Village Voice that was authored by Steven Hager. Hip hop music is a music genre that is comprised of two major components, which are, rapping which is also referred to as MCing or it also goes by the name DJing; and record scratching. Rapping utilizes vocals where the performer speaks rhythmically to supportive beats which are in most cases generated from some bits of other songs. The history of hip hop has it that it has evolved through two main eras; the era of old school hip hop that ranged from the year 1970 and lasted till the year 1985. The new age or golden era of the hip hop school began in 1985 and lasted till the year 1993 Rappers are also known to recite poems in the course of making the hip hop performance. The other components include graffiti which is usually made on the clothing wore by the performers, and break dancing. Some instrumentals played in the version or trend that depicts hip hop are also categorized into this group hence regarded as hip hop. It is worth noting that hip hop music is part of the larger hip hop culture that comprises of fashion, music and art. Hip hop is characterized with a drum beat that regularly takes up the 4/4 time signature. It might be accompanied with vocal bit of the music which might also be ignored. The hip hop music might be presented by a live band or as produced music Roots of hip hop lyricism The roots of hip hop can be dated back to the 1970's. They can be found in music that was played by the West African and African Americans that were living in this era. These West African hip hops fore fathers also known as the griots played songs and made poems that had a musical style that was suggestive of hip hop music. They were composed of a group of singers and poets and they were engaged in much traveling and singing as their career. This group of singers also forms part of an oral tradition that existed hundreds of years past (Flores 2000P24). The other fore fathers of rap were found in the New York City who made their performances in a similar manner as the griots. They gave performances of a poetic nature as well as music that suggested hip hop. They held the traditions known as talking blues; signifying the dozens and jazz poetry- all of which makes part of oral tradition. Some other groups of people who made great contributions to the roots of hip hop include a group popular for poetry and that was known as the last poets, and a poet known by the name Jalal Mansur Nurridin who was vocal even in the 1960s The popularization of the block parties in the New York City during the 1970s led to the greatest development of the hip hop music. This can be attributed to the fact that music especially of the funk and soul music nature was often played heavily in these parties. Frequent playing of this music led to the discovery of a means of playing the percussion breaks in songs that had formed part of the most popular hits during those days. This was after it was realized that the parts that were isolated were the most danceable parts that entertained crowds the most. DJ Kool Herc has been famed as Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-20200679184139386932019-11-16T06:33:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:33:05.419-08:00Methadone Pharmacology and Its Mechanism of ActionMethadone Pharmacology and Its Mechanism of Action Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Goal 2. Aims and Objectives 3. Background 4. Methadone Pharmacology and Its Mechanism of Action 4.1 Methadone History Background 4.2 Benefits of Methadone 4.3 Deaths Involving Methadone 4.4 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Methadone 4.4 Cytochrome P450 4.5 Cytochrome P450 Polymorphism and Adverse Drug Reactions 1. Goal Methadone is the most common and widely used drug for the opioid dependence in Ireland as in most of the countries in the E.U. Methadone treatment is undoubtedly effective however; the reports on methadone related mortalities have definitely stirred the public concern. The challenge for biotechnologists is to determine whether the application of pharmacogenomics can solve this dispute. The fact regarding any drug or opioid is that they affect different individuals in a different way. To solve this ââ¬Å"Biological Puzzleâ⬠this case study links the role of methadone and CYP2D6 gene variations with the metaboliser status of individuals, which may serve as an adjunct in methadone related fatalities. CYP2D6 is a member of cytochrome P450 mixed oxidase system, which is involved in the metabolism of many toxicologically important drugs that commonly implicates in fatal poisoning. CYP2D6 gene is located on chromosome 22 and is highly polymorphic in nature. Single Nucleotide Polymorph ism (SNP) variation at the exon 4 position of the gene results in a single nucleotide change of G to A, which ensue in poor metabolism of the drug. This variation is amongst 5 to 10% of the Caucasian population. 2. Aims and Objectives The specific aims of this report are as follows: Describe the methadone pharmacology and its mechanism of action, which will include the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of the drug. The role of cytochrome P450 in the metabolism of methadone. The focus will be on the genetic polymorphism and the adverse drug reaction. This research will further investigate on methadoneââ¬â¢s safety profile and mortalities associated with the drug. 3. Background Methadone is a synthetic opioid, invented during the Second World War (White Torres, 2010). The first chemical synthesis of the drug was in 1939 at the pharmaceutical laboratories of I.G. Farbenkonzern, Germany. Methadone was introduced to the market during 1960ââ¬â¢s and since then it is one of the most valued drug which has proved its effectiveness from the prevention of abstinence syndrome that occurs after rapid interruption of continuous opioid administration (Zweben Payte, 1990; Dole Nyswander, 1965). Methadone is also one of the most common medications administered for the treatment of heroin addiction, however; there are many fatal poisonings reported over the years (Bunten et al 2010). Methadone is a liposoluble basic drug, often administered orally as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers i.e. R-Met and S-Met (Garrido Troconiz, 2000). It has a long plasma elimination half-life that lies between 13 and 55 hours and a high bioavailability of 70% 90% when administered orally (Moffet et al, 2004). It is extensively metabolised in liver and is converted into its primary metabolite which is 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) (Crettol, Monnat Eap, 2007) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP) (Lugo et al, 2005). Blood methadone concentration in drug tolerant individuals reaches >0.84 mg/l, whereas in cases of fatality or poisoning concentrations typically range from 0.4 mg/l to 1.8 mg/l. Fatalities have also been reported with concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/l which is significantly lower than the average concentration in blood (Caplehorn, Drummer Fatal, 2002). Studies suggests that the largest patient associated deaths are during t he drug induction phase, when either individual drug tolerance is overestimated or the presence of other drugs are also found in the system (Bunten et al 2010; CSAT, 2004). The revolutions in the molecular techniques in postgenomic era provide us a significant platform for the diagnostics and clinical purposes. Pharmacogenomics is the study of the impact of heritable traits on pharmacology and toxicology that acts as bridge to certify opioid fatalities (Wong et al 2002). The significant inter-individual variation in blood methadone concentrations and individual susceptibility to methadone toxicity might be explained through genetic variations of the genes encoding the drug metabolism enzymes. Pharmacogenomics acts as the linkage between an individualââ¬â¢s genotype and individualââ¬â¢s ability to metabolise a foreign compound (Linder, Prough Valdes 1997). Most xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs, are metabolised by cytochromes P450 to some extent (Guengerich, 2006). The metabolism of these drugs results in detoxification and elimination of drug or activation of the prodrug to its biologically active form. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) shows a wide interindividual variation in their protein expression and/or catalytic activity, which results in unique drug metabolism (Jannetto et al 2002). Among the P450 subfamilies, CYP2D6 plays a critical role in determining the response to several drug groups/families (Sadee 1999). CYP2D6 gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are mono-oxygenases, consisting of more than 30 enzymes (Schur et al 2001) which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is known to metabolise as many as 20% of commonly prescribed drugs. CYP2D6 gene substrates include debrisoquine (Wennerholm et al, 1999) an adrenergic-blocking drug; sparteine and propafenone, both anti-arrythmic drugs; and amitryptiline, an anti-depressant. CYP2D6 gene is highly polymorphic in population (Neafsey et al, 2009); certain alleles result in the poor metaboliser phenotype, characterized by a decreased ability to metabolise the enzymes substrates. The polymorphism is due to multiple mutations of the gene, which result in absent, functionally deficient, under-expressed or over-expressed protein (Shiran et al, 2003). The gene is located near two cytochrome P450 pseudogenes on chromosome 22q13.1 (Gouch et al, 1993). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene (Toscano et al, 2006). CYP2D6 is a polypeptide of 497 amino acids that accounts for only small a percentage of all hepatic P450s but its role in drug metabolism is extensively higher than its relative content (Zanger et al, 2010). 4. Methadone Pharmacology and Its Mechanism of Action 4.1Methadone History Background Methadone was introduced to the market in 1960ââ¬â¢s (Serban, 2011; Liebrenz et al, 2010). The drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1947 as an analgesic; by 1950 it was used for the treatment of painful symptoms from heroin withdrawal and other opioids (SAMSHA, 2004). In 1964, researchers discovered that continuous, daily maintenance doses of oral methadone allowed opioid-addicted patients to function more normally in the process of their recovery (Payte, 1991; Zweben and Payte, 1990; Dole, 1988; Gearing and Schweitzer, 1974). Fig: 2 Methadone Chemical Structure Methadone in the modern medicine is used both as an analgesic for severe pain relief as well as in the treatment of opioid dependence (Rowley, 2011; Potter, 2010). Many scientific articles reviewed methadone to be the currently preferred drug of choice for the treatment of opioid dependence in many countries, including the U.K. (Nosyk et al, 2010; Verster and Buning, 2000). Fredheim et al, (2008) in their review reported that currently, methadone has had a renaissance in the treatment of pain because it has proven its usefulness as a second line drug in opioid switching when other opioids fail to show their effectiveness. Methadone has also been found to be the valued medication for its effectiveness in reducing the number of deaths associated with opioid addiction as well as various medical and behavioural prevalence of diseases associated with addictive disorders (Maxwell, Pullum Tannert 2005; Sheilds et al. 2007). However, the news headlines of many prominent newspapers including the New York Times and the Washington Times, in 2002 and 2003 hyped its publicity by reporting the opioid medications were the major cause of deaths in drug abuse treatment (Belluck, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c; Associated Press, 2002; Washington Times, 2003). New York Times even mentioned methadone as a ââ¬Å"Killer Drugâ⬠which is widely abused and dangerous (Washington Times, 2003). After these issues it was decided by the U.N. to put methadone in the class of controlled drug. Methadone was declared in a controlled drug category by the United Nations convention and placed under the controlled substances (ââ¬Å"narcoticsâ⬠) by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (Single Convention) (Bosnjak et al,2011). However, it can only be prescribed in the UK, as in most countries, by prescription till present (Verster Buning, 2000; CSAT 200b). 4.2 Benefits of Methadone Methadone is one of the most preferred drugs not only in Ireland but also across several continents around the globe. In the report published by European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addition (EMCDDA), there is a seven fold increase in the opioid treatment between 19993 -2000. The drug is widely recognised amongst doctors and patients due to its several socio-economic reasons. It is observed that there is a significant decrease in the crime graph and a noticeable increase in the employment services amongst the patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. No doubt, there is a reduction in illicit drug use by the opiate users and increase in social integration is one of the benefits of methadone. In addition, methadone also helps in reducing morbidity and mortality among opiate users. 4.3 Deaths Involving Methadone Methadone is a highly potent drug for the treatment of opioid dependence and acts as an analgesic for second line management of chronic pain. However, increase in mortality due to methadone administration has instigated controversies regarding the drug use (Lowe, Brooks Petry, 2010; Bunten et al 2010). Law enforcement agencies in the United States (U.S.) and the Drug abuse Warning Network (DAWN) ranked methadone as the third most apprehended analgesic used in the treatment of pain management, fourth among all controlled pharmaceuticals, and eighth among all controlled substances (Fig:2.1.1) (SAMSHA, 2007). Various researches conducted amongst patients undergoing addiction treatment shows that the majority of methadone related deaths occur during the drug induction phase. Post-mortem sample predicts either an overestimation of the drug or combined usage of various other central nervous system (CNS) depressant in addition to the prescribed methadone (Bunten et al, 2010; Lowe, Johnson Petry, 2007). Fig: Methadone as the third most apprehended analgesic, fourth among all controlled pharmaceuticals, and eighth among all controlled substances (SAMASHA, 2007) The side effects associated with methadone overdose includes nausea, vomiting, dizziness, clouding of consciousness and pruritus (itching) (Davis Walsh, 2001). However, the primary toxic effect of excessive methadone is respiratory depression and hypoxia, sometimes accompanied by pulmonary edema and/or aspiration pneumonia (White and Irvine, 1999; Harding-Pink, 1993). Methadone related deaths during later phases of the additiction treatment mainly signify the presence of other illicit drugs. Researchers generally use the term ââ¬Å"poison cocktailâ⬠describing the fatality due to intake of multiple psychotropic drugs (Borron, et al., 2001) such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, and other opioids. Several opioids when used or prescribed alone are relatively moderate respiratory depressants; however, when combined with methadone, their additive or synergistic effects can be lethal (Kramer, 2003; Payte and Zweben, 1998). Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program a subsidiary of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) confirms 1,114 cases of methadone-associated fatalities in adults from 1970 through 2002. Critically, a greater number of deaths were reported in 2001 alone than during the entire period from1990 through 1999; the number doubled itself in 2002. In the U.K. 225 individuals died whilst undergoing methadone treatment in 1993. In 1997, data confirms 449 deaths due to the same cause. However, the mortality graph went down in 2001 by reporting 279 deaths caused by methadone but in 2002, it again rose to 316. Therefore, we can conclude that there is no regular trend in methadone related deaths. However, Corkery et al (2004), mentions that it is always not necessary for methadone to be the cause of death even according to the death certificate of the individuals. In an individual study, methadone was detected in the post-mortem blood of 352 unexplained sudden deaths in Scotland between 1 991 and 2001. 23 % of these deaths were not directly linked with methadone. However, there were other drugs and/or alcohol found in the blood sample of the individuals. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (CSAT) in 2004 states that all methadone related poisoning eventually leads to cardio-toxicity and respiratory depression. Methadone deaths expressed as Percent of all poisoning deaths (CSAT, 2007). United States Poison Control Centres states that the overall number of opioid-related deaths has been on the rise, with many cases involving other opioids that include oxycodone and hydrocodone (Litovitz, et al., 2002; Florida Department of Law Enforcement, 2002) 4.4 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Methadone Methadone is a liposoluble basic drug with a pKa of 9.2 and is usually administered orally as a recemic mixture of two enantiomers: R-methadone (R-Met) and S-methadone (S-Met) (Fig.2.2) (Trescot, 2010). The plasma half-life of the drug is highly variable and is between 13 and 55 hours but it is usually assumed to be an average of 25 hours (Letsky et al, 2011; Albion et al, 2010; Wolff et al, 2002). The bioavailability is 70% to 90% when administered orally (Bunten et al, 2010; Lowe, Brooks Petry, 2010). Studies indicate that in drug naive individuals, a single dose of methadone can show its clinical effects up to 72 hours in duration (Olsen et al, 1997). However, the peak plasma concentration reaches in 2 to 4 hours. The analgesic effect of the drug sets in about 15 minute after the subcutaneous injection (Eap et al, 2002). The chemical structure of r-(-)-methadone and s-(+)-methadone (asterisk (*) denotes chiral centre). There is a wide distribution of methadone amongst tissues, which generally range from 60 to 90%. As a result, the drug shows slow elimination and cumulative effect. Methadone is mostly metabolised in liver. The primary metabolite of the drug is 2-ethylidene-1, 5- dimethyl-3, 3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) (Fig) (Bunten et al, 2010) and to some extent 3, 3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP) (Corkery et al, 2004). However, both of these metabolites are inactive and elimination of these inactive metabolies is through urine and faeces. Anggard and Inturrisi et al. (1975) (1990) mentioned that as a result of the basic (pKa =9.2) and lipophylic properties, methadone undergoes a hepatic metabolism and renal excretion. Fig: 4 Metabolic Conversion of Methadone to EDDP 4.4 Cytochrome P450 Cytochrome P450 (P450) is a large superfamily of enzymes. The origin of P450ââ¬â¢s superfamily is since prokaryotes much before the existence of eukaryotes (Omura, 2010). The gene P450, commonly known as ââ¬Å"CYPâ⬠is present in the genomes of virtually all organisms. Moreover, studies suggest that heme proteins are the building blocks of CYP450 enzymes. These enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of the various xenobiotics, steroids and other chemicals. Most of the drugs and chemicals are lipophilic to become more water soluble before excretion. Therefore, P450 superfamily of hemoproteins serves as terminal oxidases of the mixed function oxidase system (Wrighton and Stevens, 1992). The heme prosthetic group binds oxygen after electron transfer reactions from the reduced form of 24 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This reaction incorporates a single atom of molecular oxygen into a substrate with the concomitant reduction of the other atom to wate r (Synder, 2000; Omura, 1999). In cytochrome P450, ââ¬ËPââ¬â¢ denotes the pigment and the number ââ¬Ë450ââ¬â¢ is the spectral properties for the absorption band at 450 nm of the reduced CO-bound complex (Benhardt, 2006; Reichhart Feyereisen, 2000). However, according to the nomenclature society, the term ââ¬Å"CYPâ⬠is followed by number of families which are generally group of proteins with more than 40% amino-acid sequence identity, a letter for subfamilies and a number for the gene e.g. ââ¬â CYP2D6. Studies indicate that P450 superfamily is highly diverse (Mathew, 2010). Diversity of P450ââ¬â¢s is mainly due to the extensive process of gene duplications. However, gene amplifications, conversions, genome duplications, gene loss, and lateral transfers are certain scenarios that are less documented. 4.5 Cytochrome P450 Polymorphism and Adverse Drug Reactions Drugs affect different individuals in a different way. Genetic variations, which affect the response of the drug metabolism, can be of the most probable reasons (Mayer Zanger, 1997). Johansson Sunderberg (2010) also reported that the difference in drug metabolism among individuals might be due to several factors e.g. epigenetic, pathophysiological, or it might be due to some environmental factors. In a population, genetic polymorphism is divided according to individual ability to perform drug transformation reaction (Srivastava, 2003). Moreover, polymorphic trait is also noticed due to certain mutation in the genes and/or a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) which results in the enzyme variation and leads towards higher or lower activity. As a result, there is a partial or complete absence of an enzyme protein in the system. (FIG:) Fig: Polymorphism of Drug Metabolism Enzymes (Evans Relling, 1999). As we can see from the above figure that the genetic polymorphism applies for a wide range of drugs and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Identification of these variations were by the occurrence of adverse reactions after normal doses of drugs in patients or volunteers. In adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions have its key role. In fact, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the major causes of death which is reported in many scientific articles, reviews and even government scripts. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMSHA) (2007), there is a record of approximately 100,000 deaths in the United States due to drug toxicity. In addition, Eichelbaum et al., (2006) stated that ADRs is also responsible for up to 7% of hospitalizations and the number has increased to > 30% in the elderly population (> 70 years of age) (Paul et al., 2008). ADRs mainly affect cardiac function or cause liver toxicity (Need et al., 2005). The CYP families metabolises approximately, 75% of all clinically used drugs (Bertz and Granneman, 1997; Evans and Relling, 1999).The human genome contains 115 CYP genes, out of which 57 are found to be functional and the rest are reported as pseudogenes (Johansson Sundberg, 2010; Wang et al,2003). Among CYP families, there are 22 different P450 isoforms, which shows a high degree of polymorphism. Therefore, we can divide the polymorphic xenobiotic metabolizing CYP enzymes into two classes according to their interindividual susceptibility for xenobiotics: Class I: Composed of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 without important functional polymorphism and active in metabolism of drugs. Class II: Composed of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6, which are highly polymorphic and are important for the metabolism of drugs. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5532029235952829201.post-31349104880143773602019-11-13T19:03:00.001-08:002019-11-13T19:03:02.787-08:00Ian Burumas Behind the Mask :: Ian Buruma Behind the MaskIan Buruma's Behind the Mask Ian Buruma was born in the Netherlands in 1951. He went to school in both Holland and Japan, and he has spent a great deal of time in Japan. Ian Buruma is an author, journalist and a professor at Bard College in New York. He sometimes writes for the New York Review of Books, the New York Times Magazine, the New Republic, the New Yorker, and the Guardian. The book, Behind the Mask, was a very interesting one. This book is filled with lots of Japans history that most people know nothing about. Much of the content in Behind the Mask is focused on sexuality and violence. The book has thirteen chapters each dealing with a different topic. It starts out with a kind of mythology about the origins of Japan. It is then followed by chapters on mothers in Japan and marriage. Some of the other topics focus on women, geisha, and yakuza. Behind the Mask is a great book explaining a great deal of the sexuality related to the culture and religion of Japan. To the Japanese, sex is a part of nature; it is not considered a sin. The worst thing that can happen to an individual in Japan is to be socially shamed or dishonored. The Japanese do believe in a sort of ââ¬Å"pollutionâ⬠though. They fear being unclean, death, and blood, among other things. Purification is a big deal in Japan. Ian Buruma, the author, not only explains in great detail much of the history and practices of the Japanese, but he also writes much about significant people and places dealing with the topic. There were many significant people who contributed a great deal to the practices in Japan. He also describes many of the important places where certain events occurred. He explains what the kabuki theaters looked like and also the famous strip clubs. The Washington Post Book World writes, ââ¬Å"A fascinating exploration of Japanese culture: the fantasy life of the Japanese. It fishes its insights from the rich and muddy river of popular culture that the Foreign Ministry has always tried to screen from foreign view. Through skillfully chosen subjects ââ¬â sex, gender, the mother ââ¬â we find a comprehensible (if sometimes surprising) fantasy persona behind the inscrutable maskâ⬠¦fascinating, imaginative, highly polished, entertaining. Natalia Crownoverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16885020825201676225noreply@blogger.com0